capture log close clear clear mata clear matrix set mem 500m set more off graph drop _all #delimit ; * ************************************************************************ *; * File-Name: DynamicIndexValidity.do *; * Date: 04/03/13 *; * Author: James Hollyer *; * Purpose: To examine the results of the preliminary Transparency IRT *; * model and to assess index validity. *; * OS: Windows 7 *; * ************************************************************************ *; use "c:\users\james\desktop\dropbox\transparency_and_democracy\transparencyindex\PAReplicationMaterials\Index Properties\HRV2013.dta"; *decode WDIdata_countryname, gen(country); *decode WDIdata_countrycode, gen(wdicode); *rename WDIdata_year year; *replace year=year+1979; *rename transparencyindexlb lower_bound; *rename transparencyindexub upper_bound; *drop WDIdata_*; encode wdicode, gen(wdinum); sort wdicode year; gen inv_sd = 1/transparencyindexsd; save "c:\users\james\desktop\dropbox\transparency_and_democracy\transparencyindex\PAReplicationMaterials\Index Properties\FullWDITransparencyJAGS.dta", replace; * ************************************************************************ *; * The following will graph the index in a given year. Graphs will be for *; * 1980. *; * ************************************************************************ *; gsort year - transparencyindex; gen countrycode=.; forvalues i=1(1)155{; replace countrycode=`i' if _n==`i'; local j = country[_n-1+`i']; label define countrynumber `i' "`j'", add; label values countrycode countrynumber; }; *Figure 6; graph twoway (rcap lower_bound upper_bound countrycode if year==1980 & countrycode<26, horizontal ylabel(1(1)25, valuelabel angle(horizontal) labsize(small)) xlabel(-10(5)10)) (scatter countrycode transparencyindex if year==1980 & countrycode<26, xtitle(Transparency Index Value) ytitle(Country) scheme(s2mono) graphregion(fcolor(white)) legend(off) title(Transparency Index Values 1980) subtitle(High Transparency Countries) msize(tiny)); **graph export "c:\users\james\desktop\dropbox\transparency_and_democracy\transparencyindex\PAReplicationMaterials\Index Properties\highscores1980.png", width(1000) replace; *Figure 5; graph twoway (rcap lower_bound upper_bound countrycode if year==1980 & countrycode>99, horizontal ylabel(100(1)125, valuelabel angle(horizontal) labsize(small)) xlabel(-10(5)10)) (scatter countrycode transparencyindex if year==1980 & countrycode>123, xtitle(Transparency Index Value) ytitle(Country) scheme(s2mono) graphregion(fcolor(white)) legend(off) title(Transparency Index Values 1980) subtitle(Low Transparency Countries) msize(tiny)); **graph export "c:\users\james\desktop\dropbox\transparency_and_democracy\transparencyindex\PAReplicationMaterials\Index Properties\lowscores1980.png", width(1000) replace; * ************************************************************************ *; * The following will look at individual countries over time. *; * ************************************************************************ *; sort wdicode year; *Figure 7; graph twoway (rcap lower_bound upper_bound year if wdicode=="VNM") (scatter transparencyindex year if wdicode=="VNM", xtitle(Year) ytitle(Transparency Index Value) scheme(s2mono) graphregion(fcolor(white)) legend(off) title(Transparency Index Values) msize(small) name(VNM1)); graph twoway (rcap transdifflb transdiffub year if wdicode=="VNM") (scatter transdiff year if wdicode=="VNM", xtitle(Year) ytitle(First Differences) scheme(s2mono) graphregion(fcolor(white)) legend(off) title(Transparency Index Changes) msize(small) name(VNM2)); graph combine VNM1 VNM2, scheme(s2mono) title(Vietnam); **graph export "c:\users\james\desktop\dropbox\transparency_and_democracy\transparencyindex\PAReplicationMaterials\Index Properties\vietnam.png", width(1000) replace; *Figure 10; graph twoway (rcap lower_bound upper_bound year if wdicode=="ARG") (scatter transparencyindex year if wdicode=="ARG", xtitle(Year) ytitle(Transparency Index Value) scheme(s2mono) graphregion(fcolor(white)) legend(off) title(Transparency Index Values) msize(small) name(ARG1)); graph twoway (rcap transdifflb transdiffub year if wdicode=="ARG") (scatter transdiff year if wdicode=="ARG", xtitle(Year) ytitle(First Differences) scheme(s2mono) graphregion(fcolor(white)) legend(off) title(Transparency Index Changes) msize(small) name(ARG2)); graph combine ARG1 ARG2, scheme(s2mono) title(Argentina); *graph export "c:\users\james\desktop\dropbox\transparency_and_democracy\transparencyindex\PAReplicationMaterials\Index Properties\argentina.png", width(1000) replace; *Figure 8; graph twoway (rcap lower_bound upper_bound year if wdicode=="TZA") (scatter transparencyindex year if wdicode=="TZA", xtitle(Year) ytitle(Transparency Index Value) scheme(s2mono) graphregion(fcolor(white)) legend(off) title(Transparency Index Values) msize(small) name(TZA1)); graph twoway (rcap transdifflb transdiffub year if wdicode=="TZA") (scatter transdiff year if wdicode=="TZA", xtitle(Year) ytitle(First Differences) scheme(s2mono) graphregion(fcolor(white)) legend(off) title(Transparency Index Changes) msize(small) name(TZA2)); graph combine TZA1 TZA2, scheme(s2mono) title(Tanzania); *graph export "c:\users\james\desktop\dropbox\transparency_and_democracy\transparencyindex\PAReplicationMaterials\Index Properties\tanzania.png", width(1000) replace; *Figure 9; graph twoway (rcap lower_bound upper_bound year if wdicode=="SOM") (scatter transparencyindex year if wdicode=="SOM", xtitle(Year) ytitle(Transparency Index Value) scheme(s2mono) graphregion(fcolor(white)) legend(off) title(Transparency Index Values) msize(small) name(SOM1)); graph twoway (rcap transdifflb transdiffub year if wdicode=="SOM") (scatter transdiff year if wdicode=="SOM", xtitle(Year) ytitle(First Differences) scheme(s2mono) graphregion(fcolor(white)) legend(off) title(Transparency Index Changes) msize(small) name(SOM2)); graph combine SOM1 SOM2, scheme(s2mono) title(Somalia); *graph export "c:\users\james\desktop\dropbox\transparency_and_democracy\transparencyindex\PAReplicationMaterials\Index Properties\somalia.png", width(1000) replace; * ************************************************************************ *; * The following will create time series plots of HRV scores for each *; * country in the dataset. *; * ************************************************************************ *; *Appendix B; graph drop _all; replace country="The Bahamas" if country=="Bahamas, The"; replace country="Republic of Congo" if country=="Congo, Rep."; replace country="Egypt" if country=="Egypt, Arab Rep."; replace country="The Gambia" if country=="Gambia, The"; replace country="Iran" if country=="Iran, Islamic Rep."; replace country="South Korea" if country=="Korea, Rep."; replace country="St Lucia" if country=="St. Lucia"; replace country="North Korea" if country=="Korea, Dem. Rep."; replace country="St Vincent and the Grenadines" if country=="St. Vincent and the Grenadines"; replace country="Venezuela" if country=="Venezuela, RB"; replace country="Yemen" if country=="Yemen, Rep."; replace country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" if country=="Congo, Dem. Rep."; local j=1; forvalues i=1(31)4775{; local state = wdicode[_n-1+`i']; local name = country[_n-1+`i']; graph twoway (rcap lower_bound upper_bound year if wdicode=="`state'") (scatter transparencyindex year if wdicode=="`state'", xtitle(Year) ytitle(HRV Value) scheme(s2mono) graphregion(fcolor(white)) legend(off) title(HRV Values) subtitle(`name') msize(vtiny) name(g`j') ylabel(-15(10)15) nodraw); local j=`j'+1; }; local j=1; forvalues i=1(24)97{; local a1=`i'+1; local a2=`i'+2; local a3=`i'+3; local a4=`i'+4; local a5=`i'+5; local a6=`i'+6; local a7=`i'+7; local a8=`i'+8; local a9=`i'+9; local a10=`i'+10; local a11=`i'+11; local a12=`i'+12; local a13=`i'+13; local a14=`i'+14; local a15=`i'+15; local a16=`i'+16; local a17=`i'+17; local a18=`i'+18; local a19=`i'+19; local a20=`i'+20; local a21=`i'+21; local a22=`i'+22; local a23=`i'+23; graph combine g`i' g`a1' g`a2' g`a3' g`a4' g`a5' g`a6' g`a7' g`a8' g`a9' g`a10' g`a11' g`a12' g`a13' g`a14' g`a15' g`a16' g`a17' g`a18' g`a19' g`a20' g`a21' g`a22' g`a23', rows(6) cols(4) ycommon xcommon graphregion(fcolor(white)) xsize(7) ysize(10); *graph export "c:\users\james\desktop\dropbox\transparency_and_democracy\transparencyindex\PAReplicationMaterials\Index Properties\LotsofTimeSeries`j'.png", width(2000) replace; local j=`j'+1; }; graph combine g121 g22 g123 g124 g125, rows(2) cols(4) ycommon xcommon graphregion(fcolor(white)) xsize(7) ysize(5); *graph export "c:\users\james\desktop\dropbox\transparency_and_democracy\transparencyindex\PAReplicationMaterials\Index Properties\LotsofTimeSeries6.png", width(2000) replace; * ************************************************************************ *; * The following will compare the HRV values to the percentage of variable *; * reported. *; * ************************************************************************ *; clear; use "c:\users\james\desktop\dropbox\transparency_and_democracy\transparencyindex\PAReplicationMaterials\FullWDIIRTprep2.dta"; replace year=year+1979; gen tot_reported=0; forvalues i=1(1)240{; replace tot_reported=tot_reported+1 if var_`i'~=0; }; gen frac_reported= tot_reported/240; keep countryname countrycode year frac_reported; rename countrycode wdicode; sort wdicode year; merge 1:1 wdicode year using "c:\users\james\desktop\dropbox\transparency_and_democracy\transparencyindex\PAReplicationMaterials\Index Properties\FullWDITransparencyJAGS.dta"; sum frac_reported; replace frac_reported = (frac_reported-r(mean))/r(sd); sum transparencyindex; replace transparencyindex = (transparencyindex-r(mean))/r(sd); *Figure 2; graph twoway (scatter frac_reported transparencyindex, graphregion(fcolor(white)) xtitle(HRV Transparency Index) ytitle(Fraction Reported) msize(tiny) scheme(s2mono) title(Fraction Reported against HRV Index)) (function y=x, range(-5 3) legend(off)) (lowess frac_reported transparencyindex, mlabel(wdicode) mlabposition(12) mlabsize(medsmall) msize(tiny)); *graph export "c:\users\james\desktop\dropbox\transparency_and_democracy\transparencyindex\PAReplicationMaterials\Index Properties\HRVvFracReported.png", width(1000) replace; corr frac_reported transparencyindex; * ************************************************************************ *; * The following will compare our measure with Freedom House's Freedom of *; * the Press measure. *; * ************************************************************************ *; clear; insheet using "c:\users\james\desktop\my dropbox\transparency_and_democracy\transparencyindex\PAReplicationMaterials\Index Properties\FHScores2013.csv", comma names; drop if wdicode==""; reshape long score, i(wdicode) j(year); rename score FHpressscore; drop v*; sort wdicode year; merge 1:1 wdicode year using "c:\users\james\desktop\dropbox\transparency_and_democracy\transparencyindex\PAReplicationMaterials\Index Properties\FullWDITransparencyJAGS.dta"; *Those FH observations lacking a match are primarily from E Eur. and a variety of countries; *that legitimately should not be in the data (due to issues of rectangularity with the HRV scores).; *Those in the HRV data that lack a match are primiarly a rsult of the greater coverage of HRV than; *FH.; drop if _merge==1; drop _merge; *I invert the FH index so that high values correspond to more freedom.; replace FHpressscore = abs(FHpressscore-100); *And I standardize both our measure and Freedom House's; sum FHpressscore; replace FHpressscore = (FHpressscore - r(mean))/r(sd); gen norm_transparencyindex =.; sum transparencyindex; replace norm_transparencyindex = (transparencyindex - r(mean))/r(sd); save "c:\users\james\desktop\dropbox\transparency_and_democracy\transparencyindex\PAReplicationMaterials\Index Properties\FH_v_HRV.dta", replace; clear; use "c:\users\james\desktop\dropbox\transparency_and_democracy\transparencyindex\PAReplicationMaterials\Index Properties\dd.dta"; sort wdicode year; merge 1:1 wdicode year using "c:\users\james\desktop\dropbox\transparency_and_democracy\transparencyindex\PAReplicationMaterials\Index Properties\FH_v_HRV.dta"; *There are some observations in the DD data that are not in HRV after 1980. I drop these.; *The DD data only go through 2008. I keep extra HRV observations.; drop if _merge==1; drop _merge; sort wdicode year; save "c:\users\james\desktop\dropbox\transparency_and_democracy\transparencyindex\PAReplicationMaterials\Index Properties\FH_v_HRV2.dta", replace; clear; insheet using "c:\users\james\desktop\dropbox\transparency_and_democracy\transparencyindex\PAReplicationMaterials\Index Properties\PWT71full.txt", comma names; rename countryisocode wdicode; drop if year<1980; sort wdicode year; merge 1:1 wdicode year using "c:\users\james\desktop\dropbox\transparency_and_democracy\transparencyindex\PAReplicationMaterials\Index Properties\FH_v_HRV2.dta"; *The PWT doesn't run throgh 2010, so a number of HRV observations remain unmatched.; *A number of PWT observations are also unmatched -- mostly countries that recently; *came into existence. The exception here is Germany, which we should drop from the IRT; *given the issues with measurement from the pre-unification period in the WDI's coding scheme.; drop if _merge==1; drop _merge; * ************************************************************************ *; * The following will attempt to address concerns about the confounding *; * role of capacity by looking at the relationship between HRV scores and *; * GDP per capita in democracies and autocracies. *; * ************************************************************************ *; gen lngdpcap = ln(rgdpch); *Figure 1; graph twoway (scatter norm_transparencyindex lngdpcap if democracy==1, msymbol(o) msize(vsmall) mcolor(gs13)) (scatter norm_transparencyindex lngdpcap if democracy==0, msymbol(+) msize(vsmall) mcolor(gs10)) (lowess norm_transparencyindex lngdpcap if democracy==1, lpattern(dash)) (lowess norm_transparencyindex lngdpcap if democracy==0, lpattern(solid) graphregion(fcolor(white)) xtitle(Log GDP per Capita) ytitle(HRV Score) title(HRV Scores v. Log GDP per Capita) subtitle(In Democracies and Autocracies) scheme(s2mono) legend(lab(1 "Fitted Democracies") lab(2 "Fitted Autocracies") lab(3 "Obs. Democracies") lab(4 "Obs. Autocracies"))); *graph export "c:\users\james\desktop\dropbox\transparency_and_democracy\transparencyindex\PAReplicationMaterials\Index Properties\capacity.png", width(1000) replace;